1. ipconfig :
This is the top most command for seeing the ip address,subnet mask and
default gateway also includes display and flush DNS cache, re-register
the system name in DNS.. This will most useful tool for viewing and
troubleshooting TCP/IP problem.
- To view ip ,subnet mask address : ipconfig
- To view all TCP/IP information, use: ipconfig /all
- To view the local DNS cache, use: ipconfig /displaydns
- To delete the contents in the local DNS cache, use: ipconfig /flushdns
2.systeminfo
Have a need to display operating system
configuration information for a local or remote machine, including
service pack levels? Then systeminfo is the tool to use. When I need to
connect to a system that I am not familiar with, this is the first tool I
run. The output of this command gives me all the info I need including:
host name, OS type, version, product ID, install date, boot time and
hardware info (processor and memory). Also knowing what hot fixes are
installed can be a big help when troubleshooting problems. This tool can
be used to connect to a machine remotely using the following syntax: SYSTEMINFO /S system /U user
3. tasklist and taskkill
If you work with Task
Manager (ctrl+alt+del) ,you can easily understand this. Task list is
list of task which are running on windows currently. If you open any
application,it will be added to task.
To List the Tasks type in cmd as :
tasklist
This will show the list of task which are running as shown in the picture
To stop the Process or task ,there is two methods :
Using Image Name:
We can kill the task using its Image Name as follows:
tasklist /im notepad.exe
Using Process Id:
we can stop the process using its process id as follows :
tasklist /pid 1852
4. type
type is used to read the text document in command prompt . You can read multiple text in continuously
type filename.txt
5.netstat
Need to know who (or what) is making a
connection to your computer? Then netstat is the tool you want to run.
The output provides valuable information of all connections and
listening ports, including the executable used in the connections. In
additon to the above info, you can view Ethernet statistics, and resolve
connecting host IP Addresses to a fully qualified domain name. I
usually run the netstat command using the -a (displays all connection info), -n (sorts in numerical form) and -b (displays executable name) switches.
6.net command
Although this tool is more known as a
command, the net command is really like a power drill with different
bits and is used to update, fix, or view the network or network
settings.
It is mostly used for viewing (only services that are started), stopping and starting services:
- net stop server
- net start server
- net start (display running services)
and for connecting (mapping) and disconnecting with shared network drives:
- net use m: \\myserver\sharename
- net use m: \\myserver\sharename /delete
Other commands used with net command are, accounts (manage user accounts), net print (manage print jobs), and net share (manage shares).
Below are all the options that can be used with the net command.
[ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP
|HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | PAUSE | PRINT | SESSION | SHARE | START
|STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
7 - nslookup - With the Internet, DNS (Domain Name Service)
is the key for allowing us to use friendly names when surfing the web
instead of needing to remember IP Addresses. But when there are
problems, nslookup can be a valuable tool for testing and
troubleshooting DNS servers.
Nslookup can be run in two modes:
interactive and noninteractive. Noninteractive mode is useful when only a
single piece of data needs to be returned. For example, to resolve
google.com:
To use the interactive mode, just type nslookup at the prompt. To see all available options, type helpwhile in interactive mode.
Don't let the help results intimidate you. Nslookup is easy to use. Some of the options I use when troubleshooting are:
set ds (displays detailed debugging information of behind the scenes communication when resolving an host or IP Address).
set domain (sets the default domain to use when resolving, so you don't need to type the fully qualified name each time).
set type (sets the query record type that will be returned, such as A, MX, NS)
server NAME (allows you to point nslookup to use other DNS servers than what is configured on your computer)
To exit out of interactive mode, type exit .
8 - ping and tracert -
These tools can be helpful with connectivity to other systems. Ping
will test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network,
while tracert (traceroute) is used to determine the route taken by
packets across an IP network.
To ping a system just type at the prompt: ping www.google.com. By
default, ping will send three ICMP request to the host and listen for
ICMP “echo response” replies. Ping also includes switches to control the
number of echo requests to send (-n ), and to resolve IP addresses to hostname (-a ).
To use tracert, type at the prompt: tracert www.google.com. You can force tracert to not resolve address to hostnames by using the -d switch, or set the desired timeout (milliseconds) for each reply using -w switch.
9 - gpresult - Used
mostly in environments that implement group poicies, gpresults (Group
Policy Results) verifies all policy settings in effect for a specific
user or computer. The command is simple to use, just enter gpresults at
the prompt. It can also be used to connect to computers remotely using
the /S and /U switches.
10 - netsh -
Without a doubt the most powerful command line tool available in
Windows. Netsh is like the swiss army knife for configuring and
monitoring Windows computers from the command prompt. It capabilities
include:
- Configure interfaces
- Configure routing protocols
- Configure filters
- Configure routes
- Configure remote access behavior for Windows-based remote access
routers that are running the Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS)
Service
- Display the configuration of a currently running router on any computer
Some examples of what you can do with netsh:
- Enable or disable Windows firewall:
netsh firewall set opmode disable
netsh firewall set opmode disable
- Enable or disable ICMP Echo Request (for pinging) in Windows firewall:
netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8 enable
netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8 disable
- Configure your NIC to automatically obtain an IP address from a DHCP server:
netsh interface ip set address "Local Area Connection" dhcp
(For the above command, if your NIC is named something else, use netsh interface ip show config and replace the name at Local Area Connection).
As you can see netsh can do alot. Instead of re-inventing the wheel, check out the following Microsoftarticle for more info on netsh.
