Tiny. Fanless. Extendable.
- AMD APU up to 1.65GHz dual core
- Dual-head Radeon HD graphics
- Low power consumption
- Ruggedized metal case
- Customizable FACE Module
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31 July 2012
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How To Troubleshoot a Computer That Won't Turn On
What To Do When Your Computer Won't Start
It's a dreadful way to start a day - you press the power button on your computer and nothing happens. Few computer problems are more frustrating than when your computer won't boot.
There are many reasons why a computer won't turn on and often very few clues about what might be the problem. The only symptom is usually the simple fact that "nothing works" which isn't much to go on.
Add to this the fact that whatever is wrong could be an expensive part of your PC to replace - like the motherboard or CPU.
Do not fear because all may not be lost! Here's what you need to do:
There are many reasons why a computer won't turn on and often very few clues about what might be the problem. The only symptom is usually the simple fact that "nothing works" which isn't much to go on.
Add to this the fact that whatever is wrong could be an expensive part of your PC to replace - like the motherboard or CPU.
Do not fear because all may not be lost! Here's what you need to do:
- Read #1 below (it'll make you feel better).
- Pick the best troubleshooting guide (#2 - #9) based on how your computer is acting or #10 if your PC stops at any point because of an error message.
1. Don't Panic! Your Files are Probably OK
When faced with a computer that won't start most people tend to panic, worried that all the data on their PC is gone forever.
It's true that the most common reason a computer won't start is because a piece of hardware has failed or is causing a problem but that hardware isn't usually a hard drive, the part of your computer that stores all of your files.
In other words, your music, documents, emails, and videos are probably safe - just not accessible at the moment.
So take a deep breath and try to relax. There's a good chance you can figure out exactly why your computer won't start and then get it back up and running.
It's true that the most common reason a computer won't start is because a piece of hardware has failed or is causing a problem but that hardware isn't usually a hard drive, the part of your computer that stores all of your files.
In other words, your music, documents, emails, and videos are probably safe - just not accessible at the moment.
So take a deep breath and try to relax. There's a good chance you can figure out exactly why your computer won't start and then get it back up and running.
2. Computer Shows No Sign of Power
Original © celerayted
Try these steps if your computer will not turn on and is showing no sign at all of receiving power - no fans running and no lights on the computer case.
Important: You may or may not see a light on the back of your PC depending on the kind of power supply you have and the exact cause of the problem.
Note: Don't worry about the monitor yet. If the computer is not turning on because of a power issue then the monitor certainly can't display anything from the computer. Your monitor light will likely be amber/yellow if your computer has stopped sending information to it.
Important: You may or may not see a light on the back of your PC depending on the kind of power supply you have and the exact cause of the problem.
Note: Don't worry about the monitor yet. If the computer is not turning on because of a power issue then the monitor certainly can't display anything from the computer. Your monitor light will likely be amber/yellow if your computer has stopped sending information to it.
3. Computer Powers On... and Then Off
Original © celerayted
Follow these steps if, when you turn your computer on, it promptly powers back off.
You'll probably hear the fans inside your computer turn on, see the lights on the front of your computer turn on or flash, and then it will all stop. You won't see anything on the monitor and you may or may not hear beeps coming from the computer before it shuts off by itself.
Note: As in the previous scenario, don't worry about the state your monitor is in. You may have a monitor issue as well but it's not possible to troubleshoot it quite yet.
You'll probably hear the fans inside your computer turn on, see the lights on the front of your computer turn on or flash, and then it will all stop. You won't see anything on the monitor and you may or may not hear beeps coming from the computer before it shuts off by itself.
Note: As in the previous scenario, don't worry about the state your monitor is in. You may have a monitor issue as well but it's not possible to troubleshoot it quite yet.
4. Computer Powers On But Nothing Happens
If your computer seems to be receiving power after turning it on but you don't see anything on your monitor, try these troubleshooting steps.
In these situations, the power lights will stay on, you'll likely hear the fans inside your PC running, and you may or may not hear one or more beeps coming from the computer.
This situation is probably the most common in my experience working with computers that won't start. Unfortunately it's also one of the most difficult to troubleshoot.
In these situations, the power lights will stay on, you'll likely hear the fans inside your PC running, and you may or may not hear one or more beeps coming from the computer.
This situation is probably the most common in my experience working with computers that won't start. Unfortunately it's also one of the most difficult to troubleshoot.
5. Computer Stops or Continuously Reboots During the POST
Use this guide when your computer powers on, shows at least something on the monitor, but then stops, freezes, or reboots over and over again during the Power On Self Test (POST).
The POST on your computer may look like the screenshot to your left or may instead simply show your computer maker's logo.
Important: Don't use this troubleshooting guide if you encounter an issue during the loading of the operating system, which occurs after the Power On Self Test is complete. Troubleshooting Windows related reasons why your computer won't turn on begin with #6 below.
The POST on your computer may look like the screenshot to your left or may instead simply show your computer maker's logo.
Important: Don't use this troubleshooting guide if you encounter an issue during the loading of the operating system, which occurs after the Power On Self Test is complete. Troubleshooting Windows related reasons why your computer won't turn on begin with #6 below.
6. Windows Begins to Load But Stops or Reboots on a BSOD
If your computer begins to load Windows but then stops and displays a blue screen with information on it then try these steps. You may or may not see the Windows splash screen before the blue screen appears.
This kind of error is called a STOP error but is more commonly referred to as a Blue Screen of Death or a BSOD. Receiving a BSOD error is a common reason why a computer won't turn on.
Important: Choose this troubleshooting guide even if the BSOD flashes on screen and your PC restarts automatically without giving you time to read what it says.
This kind of error is called a STOP error but is more commonly referred to as a Blue Screen of Death or a BSOD. Receiving a BSOD error is a common reason why a computer won't turn on.
Important: Choose this troubleshooting guide even if the BSOD flashes on screen and your PC restarts automatically without giving you time to read what it says.
7. Windows Begins to Load But Stops or Reboots Without an Error
Try these steps when your computer powers on, starts to load Windows, but then freezes, stops, or reboots over and over again without generating any kind of error message.
The stopping, freezing, or reboot loop may happen on the Windows splash screen as shown to the left or even on a black screen, with or without a flashing cursor.
Note: If your computer won't start and you see a blue screen flash or remain on the screen, you're experiencing a Blue Screen of Death and should use troubleshooting guide #6 above.
Important: If you suspect that the Power On Self Test is still going on and that Windows has not yet started to boot, a better troubleshooting guide for why your computer won't turn on might be #5 above. It's a fine line and sometimes hard to tell.
The stopping, freezing, or reboot loop may happen on the Windows splash screen as shown to the left or even on a black screen, with or without a flashing cursor.
Note: If your computer won't start and you see a blue screen flash or remain on the screen, you're experiencing a Blue Screen of Death and should use troubleshooting guide #6 above.
Important: If you suspect that the Power On Self Test is still going on and that Windows has not yet started to boot, a better troubleshooting guide for why your computer won't turn on might be #5 above. It's a fine line and sometimes hard to tell.
8. Windows Repeatedly Returns to the Advanced Boot Options Screen
Use this guide when nothing but the Advanced Boot Options screen appears every time your restart your computer and none of the Windows startup options work.
In this situation, no matter which Safe Mode option you choose, your computer eventually stops, freezes, or restarts on its own, after which you find yourself right back at the Advanced Boot Options menu.
This is a particularly annoying way in which your computer won't turn on because you're trying to use Window's built-in ways to solve your problem but you're getting nowhere with them.
In this situation, no matter which Safe Mode option you choose, your computer eventually stops, freezes, or restarts on its own, after which you find yourself right back at the Advanced Boot Options menu.
This is a particularly annoying way in which your computer won't turn on because you're trying to use Window's built-in ways to solve your problem but you're getting nowhere with them.
9. Windows Stops or Reboots On or After the Login Screen
Try this troubleshooting guide when your computer powers on, Windows shows the login screen, but then freezes, stops, or reboots here or anytime after.
The stopping, freezing, or reboot loop may happen on the Windows login screen, as Windows is logging you in (as shown to the left), or any time up to Windows fully loading.
The stopping, freezing, or reboot loop may happen on the Windows login screen, as Windows is logging you in (as shown to the left), or any time up to Windows fully loading.
10. Computer Doesn't Fully Start Because of an Error Message
If your computer turns on but then stops or freezes at any point, showing an error message of any kind, then use this troubleshooting guide.
Error messages are possible at any stage during your computer's boot process, including during the POST, at any time during the loading of Windows, all the way up to the Windows desktop appearing.
Note: The only exception to using this troubleshooting guide for an error message is if the error is a Blue Screen of Death. See #6 above for a better troubleshooting guide for BSOD issues.
Error messages are possible at any stage during your computer's boot process, including during the POST, at any time during the loading of Windows, all the way up to the Windows desktop appearing.
Note: The only exception to using this troubleshooting guide for an error message is if the error is a Blue Screen of Death. See #6 above for a better troubleshooting guide for BSOD issues.
More "Computer Won't Turn On" Tips
Still can't get your computer to turn on? Let a community of computer support enthusiasts help out! Post the details of your problem in the PC Support Forum.
Did I miss a troubleshooting step that helped you (or might help someone else) fix the cause of a computer not turning on? Let me know and I'd be happy to include the information here.
Did I miss a troubleshooting step that helped you (or might help someone else) fix the cause of a computer not turning on? Let me know and I'd be happy to include the information here.
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13 Free Product Key Finder Programs
A List of the Best Free Product Key Finder Software Programs
If you're preparing to reinstall a program or an operating system (like a clean install of Windows), you will need to find your unique product key (CD key) or serial number.
Normally this product key is located with the original CD or DVD. If you've lost your product key you can often find it in the Windows Registry but this can be very difficult to do. Luckily, there are many free key finder programs available to help.
Important: Please read my Key Finder Programs FAQ for more information.
Below are the top 13 free key finder programs. I keep an updated list of commercial key finder programs too.
Normally this product key is located with the original CD or DVD. If you've lost your product key you can often find it in the Windows Registry but this can be very difficult to do. Luckily, there are many free key finder programs available to help.
Important: Please read my Key Finder Programs FAQ for more information.
Below are the top 13 free key finder programs. I keep an updated list of commercial key finder programs too.
1. Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder
The Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder program is a free utility that retrieves product keys from the registry. It also has the ability to find product keys for Microsoft Office programs, along with product keys from many other non-Microsoft programs.
Advantages include very small size, ease of use, instant display of product keys and multiple product key saving options.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 98, and Windows 95.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP, and several non-Microsoft programs.
The Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder website says that this free key finder will not find your Windows 7 product key but in fact it does (as of v2.0.8).
Advantages include very small size, ease of use, instant display of product keys and multiple product key saving options.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 98, and Windows 95.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP, and several non-Microsoft programs.
The Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder website says that this free key finder will not find your Windows 7 product key but in fact it does (as of v2.0.8).
2. Winkeyfinder
The Winkeyfinder program is another free utility that retrieves product keys from the Windows registry.
Advantages include small program size, no installation required, and additional features such as a password generator, the ability to change registered user information, and activation backup capabilities.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Windows 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP and Office 2000 SP2, and Office 97.
Advantages include small program size, no installation required, and additional features such as a password generator, the ability to change registered user information, and activation backup capabilities.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Windows 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP and Office 2000 SP2, and Office 97.
3. Keyfinder Thing
Keyfinder Thing is another free, easy to use utility that finds product keys and serial numbers hidden in the Windows registry.
Advantages include small program size, nothing to run, and support for a large list of non-Microsoft programs.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows Vista, Windows 2003 Server, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows ME. Keyfinder Thing does not work with Windows 7 or Windows NT.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP, Microsoft Money, Nero, Corel Suite, The Sims, and many more programs.
Advantages include small program size, nothing to run, and support for a large list of non-Microsoft programs.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows Vista, Windows 2003 Server, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows ME. Keyfinder Thing does not work with Windows 7 or Windows NT.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, Office XP, Microsoft Money, Nero, Corel Suite, The Sims, and many more programs.
4. LicenseCrawler
LicenseCrawler is another well put together free key finder tool.
LicenseCrawler differs from other key finder programs in its almost full-text interface, which I like. I found LicenseCrawler to be very effective at finding serial numbers for the many programs on my PC.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, and Windows XP.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, most Adobe products, and many more.
LicenseCrawler differs from other key finder programs in its almost full-text interface, which I like. I found LicenseCrawler to be very effective at finding serial numbers for the many programs on my PC.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, and Windows XP.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, most Adobe products, and many more.
5. ProduKey
ProduKey is another completely free and easy to use key finder tool.
The thing I liked best about ProduKey is how easy it is to do advanced key finder tasks like loading product keys from remote registries.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003, Exchange Server, and SQL Server.
The thing I liked best about ProduKey is how easy it is to do advanced key finder tasks like loading product keys from remote registries.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003, Exchange Server, and SQL Server.
6. Product Key Finder
The not-so-originally-named Product Key Finder tool is actually a pretty good key finder program.
After executing Product Key Finder, a simple window opens displaying your Windows product key along with other product keys and serial numbers that Product Key Finder can locate.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 & 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 98, and Windows NT.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft and Adobe applications, more than 200 in all according to the Product Key Finder website.
After executing Product Key Finder, a simple window opens displaying your Windows product key along with other product keys and serial numbers that Product Key Finder can locate.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 & 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 98, and Windows NT.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft and Adobe applications, more than 200 in all according to the Product Key Finder website.
7. KeyFinder Pro 2007
Gear Box's KeyFinder Pro 2007 is another fantastic utility that can find your Windows product keys. It can also find product keys for several Microsoft Office programs.
Advantages include a very small download size, no installation required, no compressed files to extract, and nothing to run. KeyFinder Pro 2007 instantly displays product keys and allows you to save or print them for safe keeping.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
Advantages include a very small download size, no installation required, no compressed files to extract, and nothing to run. KeyFinder Pro 2007 instantly displays product keys and allows you to save or print them for safe keeping.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
8. WinGuggle
WinGuggle is a very simple key finder program. WinGuggle easily finds product keys for popular Microsoft Windows operating systems and several Microsoft Office programs.
Major advantages include a quick download size, no installation required, access to a few advanced tools, and a very simple interface. WinGuggle instantly displays your Windows and Office product keys.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
Major advantages include a quick download size, no installation required, access to a few advanced tools, and a very simple interface. WinGuggle instantly displays your Windows and Office product keys.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
9. RockXP
RockXP is another free program that retrieves lost product keys from the registry.
Advantages include small program size, no installation required, and additional features such as a password generator and password retriever.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows XP (officially) and also Windows Vista, Server 2003, 2000, ME, and 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007 and Office 2003.
Advantages include small program size, no installation required, and additional features such as a password generator and password retriever.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows XP (officially) and also Windows Vista, Server 2003, 2000, ME, and 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007 and Office 2003.
10. Product Key Finder (OTT Solutions)
Product Key Finder won't win any creative name contests but that's not important - it's a very good key finder program.
I like Product Key Finder because it's designed very well, instantly finds product keys, allows an easy XML or CSV backup of keys found, and also lets you change your Windows registration or product key right from the tool.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 & 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft Office and other Microsoft programs, and many non-Microsoft applications.
I like Product Key Finder because it's designed very well, instantly finds product keys, allows an easy XML or CSV backup of keys found, and also lets you change your Windows registration or product key right from the tool.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 & 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft Office and other Microsoft programs, and many non-Microsoft applications.
11. MSKeyViewer Plus
MSKeyViewer Plus is another good product key finder program.
Major advantages include a really small size, no install needed, and super easy interface. MSKeyViewer Plus instantly displays product keys - no scanning of your registry required.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 95/98, and Windows Server 2008 & 2003. 64-bit versions are also supported.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft Office versions including Office 2007, plus a long list of other Microsoft and non-Microsoft programs.
I'd probably pick several other key finders before MSKeyViewer Plus, but if you're having trouble finding a specific key, give MSKeyViewer a try.
Major advantages include a really small size, no install needed, and super easy interface. MSKeyViewer Plus instantly displays product keys - no scanning of your registry required.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 95/98, and Windows Server 2008 & 2003. 64-bit versions are also supported.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Most Microsoft Office versions including Office 2007, plus a long list of other Microsoft and non-Microsoft programs.
I'd probably pick several other key finders before MSKeyViewer Plus, but if you're having trouble finding a specific key, give MSKeyViewer a try.
12. geProductKeys Finder
geProductKeys Finder might be the most simple key finder program I've ever seen. If all you're after is a quick product key display in Windows XP, geProductKeys does the job.
Advantages include a super small download, no installation needed, and as I mentioned above, a very simple interface.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows XP (officially) and possibly some older ones. geProductKeys does not work with Windows 7 or Windows Vista.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Some Microsoft Office programs and a few third party programs as well.
Note: You may have to disable Data Execution Prevention to use this program in Windows XP SP2 and later.
Advantages include a super small download, no installation needed, and as I mentioned above, a very simple interface.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows XP (officially) and possibly some older ones. geProductKeys does not work with Windows 7 or Windows Vista.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Some Microsoft Office programs and a few third party programs as well.
Note: You may have to disable Data Execution Prevention to use this program in Windows XP SP2 and later.
13. Product Key Informer
Product Key Informer is another free product key finder program but it only finds product keys for a few Microsoft programs other than the operating system.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Windows 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
I didn't care much for Product Key Informer. I think it was the baked-in fields for specific product keys that bothered me. It's a waste of screen real estate and confirms that the program's product key finding abilities are very limited.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Windows 98.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 2007, Office 2003, and Office XP.
I didn't care much for Product Key Informer. I think it was the baked-in fields for specific product keys that bothered me. It's a waste of screen real estate and confirms that the program's product key finding abilities are very limited.
Important Product Key Finder Information (Windows Product Keys)
If your system was purchased with Microsoft Windows pre-installed and you have not reinstalled it or upgraded it yourself, a key finder may only find the generic product key that your PC manufacturer used to install Windows.
This product key may not work when attempting to reinstall Windows. In this case, you must use the unique product key that is on the sticker attached to your computer case.
If you can't locate your product key sticker you'll need to request a new Windows product key.
This product key may not work when attempting to reinstall Windows. In this case, you must use the unique product key that is on the sticker attached to your computer case.
If you can't locate your product key sticker you'll need to request a new Windows product key.
List of Blue Screen Error Codes
Complete STOP Code List from STOP 0x1 to STOP 0xC0000221
See More About:
A Blue Screen of Death (BSOD), technically called a STOP error, occurs when Windows suffers a serious error and is forced to "stop" completely.
Since a blue screen error gives you no choice but to restart, troubleshooting one can be difficult. Luckily, almost every STOP error includes a STOP code that can be used to research a fix.
Below are links to information on individual STOP errors including what each STOP code means and any troubleshooting information I have on that STOP error.
Tip: All STOP codes below are listed in order - see How to Count in Hexadecimal for help. You may also search for the STOP code at the top of this page.
Since a blue screen error gives you no choice but to restart, troubleshooting one can be difficult. Luckily, almost every STOP error includes a STOP code that can be used to research a fix.
Below are links to information on individual STOP errors including what each STOP code means and any troubleshooting information I have on that STOP error.
Tip: All STOP codes below are listed in order - see How to Count in Hexadecimal for help. You may also search for the STOP code at the top of this page.
STOP Error 0x00000001 to STOP Error 0x0000005F
Complete list of STOP codes from STOP error 0x1 (0x00000001) to STOP error 0x5F (0x0000005F).STOP Error 0x00000060 to STOP Error 0x000000BF
Complete list of STOP codes from STOP error 0x60 (0x00000060) to STOP error 0xBF (0x000000BF).STOP Error 0x000000C1 to STOP Error 0x0000011D
Complete list of STOP codes from STOP error 0xC1 (0x000000C1) to STOP error 0x11D (0x0000011D).STOP Error 0x00000121 to STOP Error 0xC0000221
Complete list of STOP codes from STOP error 0x121 (0x00000121) to STOP error 0xC0000221.STOP Error 0xDEADDEAD: MANUALLY_INITIATED_CRASH1
STOP error 0xDEADDEAD means that the user deliberately initiated a crash dump from either the kernel debugger or the keyboard. STOP code 0xDEADDEAD may also display "MANUALLY_INITIATED_CRASH1" on the same STOP message.Did I Miss a STOP Code?
If you've received a STOP error that I don't have the BSOD code for, please let me know! I'll add the STOP code to the appropriate list above and then publish whatever information on it that I can find.
Blue Screen Errors
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List of Command Prompt Commands
Complete List of CMD Commands
See More About:
The Command Prompt in Windows provides access to over 270 commands! These commands are used to do certain operating system tasks from a command line interface instead of the graphical Windows interface we use most of the time.
Note: It's important to know that the commands in Windows 7, Vista, and XP are called CMD commands or Command Prompt commands and the commands in Windows 98/95 and MS-DOS are called DOS commands. I've included all of them in this list to help show changes in commands from operating system to operating system.
If you're only interested in the commands available in your version of Windows or MS-DOS, I do keep accurate and detailed lists per operating system:
Below is a complete list of Command Prompt commands, often called CMD commands or Command Prompt codes, available from the Command Prompt in Windows 7, Vista, and XP. As I mentioned above, I've also included DOS commands from MS-DOS and Windows 98/95:
I also have a table of these commands if you're not interested in the descriptions.
append - getmac | goto - rem | ren - xcopy
Note: It's important to know that the commands in Windows 7, Vista, and XP are called CMD commands or Command Prompt commands and the commands in Windows 98/95 and MS-DOS are called DOS commands. I've included all of them in this list to help show changes in commands from operating system to operating system.
If you're only interested in the commands available in your version of Windows or MS-DOS, I do keep accurate and detailed lists per operating system:
Below is a complete list of Command Prompt commands, often called CMD commands or Command Prompt codes, available from the Command Prompt in Windows 7, Vista, and XP. As I mentioned above, I've also included DOS commands from MS-DOS and Windows 98/95:
I also have a table of these commands if you're not interested in the descriptions.
append - getmac | goto - rem | ren - xcopy
Append
The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were located in the current directory.The append command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The append command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.
Arp
The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache.The arp command is available in all versions of Windows.
Assoc
The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file extension.The assoc command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
At
The at command is used to schedule commands and other programs to run at a specific date and time.The at command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Atmadm
The atmadm command is used to display information related to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connections on the system.The atmadm command is available in Windows XP.
Support for ATM was removed beginning in Windows Vista, making the atmadm command unnecessary.
Attrib
The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory.The attrib command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Auditpol
The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies.The auditpol command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista.
Bcdboot
The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store.The bcdboot command is available in Windows 7.
Bcdedit
The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data.The bcdedit command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista.
The bcdedit command replaced the bootcfg command beginning in Windows Vista.
Bdehdcfg
The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption.The bdehdcfg command is available in Windows 7.
Operating System Specific Command Prompt Lists
More Command Lists
More About Commands
7 Free Windows Password Recovery Tools
Free Windows Password Recovery, Reset, and Unlocker Tools
See More About:
Windows password recovery tools are used to recover, or reset lost user and administrator passwords used to log on to Windows operating systems.
Password recovery tools are often called "password cracker" tools because they are sometimes used to "crack" passwords by hackers. Legally cracking or unlocking your own Windows password is certainly a legitimate practice!
Note: Using a Windows password recovery program is just one of several ways to find a lost Windows password.
Important: Please read my Windows Password Recovery Programs FAQ for more information. I also have an easy-to-read comparison of these programs too that might help.
Need to Crack a Different Kind of Password? See my list of free password crackers for free programs to crack PDF files, Word & Excel documents, RAR & ZIP archives, and more.
Here are the top 7 free Windows password recovery programs available. I also keep a list of premium Windows password recovery tools.
Password recovery tools are often called "password cracker" tools because they are sometimes used to "crack" passwords by hackers. Legally cracking or unlocking your own Windows password is certainly a legitimate practice!
Note: Using a Windows password recovery program is just one of several ways to find a lost Windows password.
Important: Please read my Windows Password Recovery Programs FAQ for more information. I also have an easy-to-read comparison of these programs too that might help.
Need to Crack a Different Kind of Password? See my list of free password crackers for free programs to crack PDF files, Word & Excel documents, RAR & ZIP archives, and more.
Here are the top 7 free Windows password recovery programs available. I also keep a list of premium Windows password recovery tools.
1. Ophcrack
The
Ophcrack Windows password cracker is by far the best free Windows
password recovery tool available. It's fast and easy enough for a first
time Windows password cracker with a basic knowledge of Windows.
With Ophcrack, you don't need any access to Windows to be able to recover your lost passwords. Simply visit the site, download the free ISO image, burn it to a CD and boot from the CD. The Ophcrack program starts, locates the Windows user accounts, and proceeds to recover (crack) the passwords - all automatically.
In a test on a Windows 7 PC, Ophcrack recovered the 10-character password to my administrator account in 40 seconds. Ophcrack supports Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
With Ophcrack, you don't need any access to Windows to be able to recover your lost passwords. Simply visit the site, download the free ISO image, burn it to a CD and boot from the CD. The Ophcrack program starts, locates the Windows user accounts, and proceeds to recover (crack) the passwords - all automatically.
In a test on a Windows 7 PC, Ophcrack recovered the 10-character password to my administrator account in 40 seconds. Ophcrack supports Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
2. Offline NT Password & Registry Editor
Offline
NT Password & Registry Editor works differently than most password
recovery programs in that it erases your Windows password instead of
recovering it. You can think of it as more of a Windows password reset tool.
Like Ophcrack, you boot to a burned CD created with the Offline NT Password & Registry Editor ISO file. After running the program, you can log in to your Windows account without entering a password at all.
If you like this "password deleting" strategy then I highly recommend this program. Offline NT Password & Registry Editor works basically the same way as PC Login Now, listed below.
I tried Offline NT Password & Registry Editor on a Windows 7 PC and it reset the password immediately without problem. It should work equally well with Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows 2000, and Windows NT. It should also work with 64-bit versions of these operating systems.
Like Ophcrack, you boot to a burned CD created with the Offline NT Password & Registry Editor ISO file. After running the program, you can log in to your Windows account without entering a password at all.
If you like this "password deleting" strategy then I highly recommend this program. Offline NT Password & Registry Editor works basically the same way as PC Login Now, listed below.
I tried Offline NT Password & Registry Editor on a Windows 7 PC and it reset the password immediately without problem. It should work equally well with Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows 2000, and Windows NT. It should also work with 64-bit versions of these operating systems.
3. PC Login Now
PC Login Now is one of the better free Windows password recovery programs I've tested... even though it doesn't actually recover passwords.
Instead of discovering and displaying your current Windows password, PC Login Now deletes it, allowing you to access Windows without a password, after which you can create a new one.
PC Login Now works just like the free and popular Offline NT Password & Registry Editor (listed above) only it's much easier to use.
The trade-off with PC Login Now over Offline NT Password & Registry Editor is that PC Login Now causes Windows to detect a possible hard drive problem on the first reboot after deleting the password. I've never seen nor heard of a problem actually happening but it's still a little bothersome.
In a test on a Windows 7 PC, PC Login Now deleted the 15-character password to my user account instantly. PC Login Now supports Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Instead of discovering and displaying your current Windows password, PC Login Now deletes it, allowing you to access Windows without a password, after which you can create a new one.
PC Login Now works just like the free and popular Offline NT Password & Registry Editor (listed above) only it's much easier to use.
The trade-off with PC Login Now over Offline NT Password & Registry Editor is that PC Login Now causes Windows to detect a possible hard drive problem on the first reboot after deleting the password. I've never seen nor heard of a problem actually happening but it's still a little bothersome.
In a test on a Windows 7 PC, PC Login Now deleted the 15-character password to my user account instantly. PC Login Now supports Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
4. Kon-Boot
Kon-Boot is yet another free password reset program, much like ONTP&RE and PC Login Now. Just burn the program to a disc, boot to it, and you're off.
Kon-Boot works differently than the two password reset tools above, so if you have problems using them, give Kon-Boot a try. It's very, very easy to use and probably the fastest password reset, and certainly password recovery, tool available.
Unfortunately, Kon-Boot 1.0 does not work with 64-bit versions of Windows.
I used Kon-Boot v1.0 to successfully delete the password on a Windows Vista PC and then also on a Windows XP PC. Kon-Boot is reported to also reset Windows 7 passwords but I was not able to make it work on two different Windows 7 PCs.
Kon-Boot works differently than the two password reset tools above, so if you have problems using them, give Kon-Boot a try. It's very, very easy to use and probably the fastest password reset, and certainly password recovery, tool available.
Unfortunately, Kon-Boot 1.0 does not work with 64-bit versions of Windows.
I used Kon-Boot v1.0 to successfully delete the password on a Windows Vista PC and then also on a Windows XP PC. Kon-Boot is reported to also reset Windows 7 passwords but I was not able to make it work on two different Windows 7 PCs.
5. Cain & Abel
Cain & Abel is a free, fast and effective Windows password recovery tool.
Unlike Ophcrack and other popular Windows password hacking programs, Cain & Abel requires access to Windows under an administrator account. Due to this fact, Cain & Abel is a valuable resource to recover passwords to accounts other than the one you're using.
Add that to the fact that Cain & Abel is a bit more complicated to use than other password recovery apps and you have what is, in my book, a pretty advanced tool. Check it out if you think it might be useful to you.
Cain & Abel was able to recover the 10-character password to the Windows XP "Administrator" account in ten seconds. I couldn't get it to work properly Windows Vista. One user said it works great with Windows 7 Cain & Abel v4.9.36 Review and Free Download
Unlike Ophcrack and other popular Windows password hacking programs, Cain & Abel requires access to Windows under an administrator account. Due to this fact, Cain & Abel is a valuable resource to recover passwords to accounts other than the one you're using.
Add that to the fact that Cain & Abel is a bit more complicated to use than other password recovery apps and you have what is, in my book, a pretty advanced tool. Check it out if you think it might be useful to you.
Cain & Abel was able to recover the 10-character password to the Windows XP "Administrator" account in ten seconds. I couldn't get it to work properly Windows Vista. One user said it works great with Windows 7 Cain & Abel v4.9.36 Review and Free Download
6. LCP
LCP is yet another free password recovery software tool for Windows.
Like Cain & Abel, LCP is a standard Windows program you download from LCPSoft's website and install inside of Windows, meaning you'll need access to a user account on the computer.
LCP can be a little intimidating to those new to Windows password recovery tools so some prior knowledge is very helpful to avoid even bigger problems with your PC.
I haven't been able to get LCP to work for me. If you've successfully used LCP and would like to share your experiences, please let me know.
Like Cain & Abel, LCP is a standard Windows program you download from LCPSoft's website and install inside of Windows, meaning you'll need access to a user account on the computer.
LCP can be a little intimidating to those new to Windows password recovery tools so some prior knowledge is very helpful to avoid even bigger problems with your PC.
I haven't been able to get LCP to work for me. If you've successfully used LCP and would like to share your experiences, please let me know.
7. John The Ripper
John the Ripper is a very popular free password recovery tool that can be used to find Windows account passwords.While the password recovery application itself is free, the wordlists used by John the Ripper to discover passwords do cost and are required for the software to work.
Note: I'm told there are free wordlist alternatives that work with John the Ripper which is why this Windows password recovery tool is still listed as free. However, I have not tested any of them.
John the Ripper is operated at the command line making it a password cracking tool reserved for the very advanced user.
If you have experience with John the Ripper that you would like to share, please let me know.
Windows Password Recovery Tools Aren't Necessary if You're Proactive!
These
Windows password recovery tools are great if you need them, but there's
a much easier way to access your account if you forget your password - a
password reset disk!
How To Create a Password Reset Disk
A password reset disk is a special disk you can insert in your PC during the logon process that will allow you to change your Windows password without knowing your current password. You will need to create this disk before you lose access to your account!
How To Create a Password Reset Disk
A password reset disk is a special disk you can insert in your PC during the logon process that will allow you to change your Windows password without knowing your current password. You will need to create this disk before you lose access to your account!
More on Windows Password Recovery
More Related to Windows Password Recovery
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- Reset Password Vista - How To Reset a Windows Vista Password
- Reset Password Windows 7 - How To Reset a Windows 7 Password
- Forgot Password Vista - I Forgot My Windows Vista Password
- Forgot Password Windows 7 - I Forgot My Windows 7 Password
How To Remove Your Windows 7 Password
How To Remove Your Windows 7 Password
Remove Your Windows 7 Password
PC Support Ads
You can remove your Windows 7 password as long as
you're the only person with access to your PC. Removing your password
will allow you to completely bypass the Windows logon process.
While no security professional would ever recommend doing it, removing your Windows 7 password might be something to consider if you have problems remembering your password and physical access to your computer isn't a concern.
Follow the easy steps below to remove the password to your Windows 7 account:
Note: If you're trying to remove your Windows 7 password because you've forgotten it and can't get in to Windows, see Tip #2 at the bottom of the page for help.
While no security professional would ever recommend doing it, removing your Windows 7 password might be something to consider if you have problems remembering your password and physical access to your computer isn't a concern.
Follow the easy steps below to remove the password to your Windows 7 account:
Note: If you're trying to remove your Windows 7 password because you've forgotten it and can't get in to Windows, see Tip #2 at the bottom of the page for help.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Deleting your Windows 7 password usually takes less than a few minutes
Here's How:
- Click on Start and then Control Panel.
-
Click on the User Accounts and Family Safety link.
Note: If you're viewing the Large icons or Small icons view of Control Panel, you won't see this link. Simply click on the User Accounts icon and proceed to Step 4. - Click on the User Accounts link.
- In the Make changes to your user account area of the User Accounts window, click the Remove your password link.
- In the text box on the next screen, enter your current Windows 7 password.
- Click the Remove Password button to confirm that you'd like to remove your Windows 7 password.
- You can now close the User Accounts window.
- Now that your Windows 7 account password has been deleted, you will no longer need to log on when your computer starts.
Your computer should now boot all the way to the Windows 7 desktop.
Tips:
- Not a Windows 7 user? See How Do I Remove My Windows Password? for specific instructions for your version of Windows.
- If you want to remove your Windows 7 password because you've
forgotten it and can no longer access Windows 7 then you obviously
can't use the method above.
See Help! I Forgot My Windows 7 Password! for several different ways to get back into Windows.
Of those many ways, using a free Windows password recovery program to crack or reset the password is probably the most popular. Depending on which password recovery method you use, you can then change your Windows 7 password or create a new Windows 7 password after you're done.
- If you don't want to completely delete your Windows 7 password, you can instead configure Windows 7 to automatically login. This way your account still has a password but you're never asked for it when Windows 7 starts.
More Related to Removing Windows 7 Passwords
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Windows 7
Windows
7 is Microsoft's newest operating system and its best ever. It is more
stable, intuitive and easy to use than any previous version. This is
your one-stop shop for learning how to use Windows 7 and getting the
most out of it.
- Learn to Use Windows 7
- Install Windows 7
- Secure Windows 7
- Be More Productive with Windows 7
- Maintain Windows 7
- Networking & the Internet
Learn to Use Windows 7
Windows 7 isn't hard to learn, but it does take time. Here you'll find tips, tutorials, step-by-step guides and more.
- Shut it Down, the Right Way
- Learn the Taskbar
- Set Up Parental Controls
- The Windows 7 Action Center
- Uninstall Programs
Install Windows 7
There are a number of ways to
install Windows 7, and numerous "gotchas" along the way. Learn about the
right way -- and wrong way -- to do it.
- Clean Installs
- Updating Windows 7 Drivers
- Microsoft Installation Advice
- Installation Step-by-Step
- Windows 7 Upgrade Checklist
Secure Windows 7
Windows
7 is Microsoft's most secure operating system ever, but it does require
some work from you to make it as bulletproof as possible. Here's some
help on doing that.
- The Windows 7 Firewall
- Lock it Down with User Account Control
- iTunes can Damage Windows 7 Security
- Windows vs. Mac: Which is Safer?
- How to Create a New User Account
- How to Enable & Disable Guest Accounts
Be More Productive with Windows 7
Windows
7 has a redesigned interface that includes tons of shortcuts and ways
to get stuff done faster. Learn here how to get more done.
- Save Space by Zipping Files
- Make Shortcuts by Using Pins
- Add Gadgets
- Increase Laptop Battery Life
- Save Space by Zipping Files
- Make Shortcuts by Using Pins
- Add Gadgets
- Increase Laptop Battery Life
- Organize Your Stuff
- Take Advantage of Libraries to Organize Files
- How to Relocate the Windows 7 Taskbar
Maintain Windows 7
To
keep your Windows 7 PC in tip-top shape, it's important to maintain it,
by getting the latest patches and fixes, keeping it clean and tweaking
it.
- Troubleshoot with Problem Steps Recorder
- Keep it Current with Automatic Updates
- Be Faster: Defragment Your Hard Drive
- How to Scan for Viruses with Microsoft Security Essentials
Networking & The Internet
In this section we'll cover topics related to networking and the Internet for Windows 7.
Set Up Computer Networks and Connections
These
pages explain how to set up network connections. From simple direct
connections between computers to complete home and even IT networks, you
will learn how to select equipment and configure the systems. In
addition to sharing files, you can also share printers, set up Internet
access, and perform other basic operations. Finally, you will also learn
troubleshooting techniques to quickly diagnose and fix various kinds of
network problems.
- Planning a Home Computer Network
- Buying Network Equipment
- Direct Connections Between Two Computers
- Setting Up Home Broadband Routers
- Sharing Files and Printers
- Configuring Home Internet Access
- Troubleshooting Network Connectivity Problems
- Configuring Mobile Internet Access
- Working with IP Addresses
- Securing Network Devices and Data
Planning a Home Computer Network
Designing
a home network includes determining the location of your computers,
printer(s) and other devices to connect as well as network equipment
needs. Home networks can be built using cables, wireless technology, or a
combination of both.
- Wired vs. Wireless Home Networking - Pros and Cons
- Home Network Diagrams
- How Many Computers Can Share One Wi-Fi Network?
Buying Network Equipment
A
confusing array of choices awaits anyone shopping for network gear.
Home network equipment is available in both wired and wireless varieties
as well as different shapes and sizes. The most common types of
products - network routers and adapters - can be purchased separately or
sometimes together as a kit. Certain types of routers, adapters and
other networking products have been created specially for mobile
(traveling) users. Finally, some kinds of gear include manageability,
advanced security, and other features designed for use on corporate
networks.
- How to Choose a Wireless Router
- 802.11n Wireless N Routers
- 802.11g Wireless Networking Kits
- 802.11b Compact Wireless USB Adapters
Direct Connections Between Two Computers
The
simplest kind of network contains just two computers linked by a
point-to-point direct connection. You can use these networks to share
files, a printer or another peripheral device.
- How to Connect Two Home Computers
- Direct Connection Network Diagram
- Can a Mac Be Connected to a PC?
- FireWire
- USB
Setting Up Home Broadband Routers
Broadband
routers are designed for convenience in setting up home networks,
particularly for homes with high-speed Internet service. A broadband
router is a small electronic device that connects to broadband modems or
other routers. It simplifies the configuration of file sharing,
Internet connection sharing and some network security functions.
- How to Set Up a Home Network Router
- How to Set Up a Linksys Network
- How To Connect To Wireless Routers As An Administrator
- Essential Settings for Home Network Routers
- How to Change the Name (SSID) of a Broadband Router
- How to Connect Two Routers on a Home Network
- Default Passwords for Linksys Routers
- Best Ways to Reset a Home Network Router
Sharing Files and Printers
A
local network allows efficient transfer of files without the need to
carry disks or keys between computers. With only a small additional
effort, a printer can also be set up for sharing among multiple
computers across a local network.
- Introduction to Network File Sharing
- How to Network a Printer
- Methods for Network File Transfer Between PCs
- How to Use Windows 7 HomeGroup
- How to Share Files in Windows XP
- How to Share a Printer in Windows XP
- How to Enable/Disable Windows File and Printer Sharing
Configuring Home Internet Access
Many
people build a home network with the goal of sharing Internet access
among all of their computers. Connecting an Internet modem to the home
network is the typical way to set up shared access.
- Automatic Wireless Internet Connections (Windows XP)
- Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) Software
- Sharing Two Internet Connections - Multi-Homing
Troubleshooting Network Connectivity Problems
Whether
due to a configuration error in the set up, a technical glitch, or some
other reason, one or more pieces of a computer network may not function
properly or suddenly fail. Fortunately, many networking problems can be
recognized and fixed quickly.
- Troubleshooting Wireless Network Installation Issues
- Troubleshooting Windows File and Printer Sharing
- Can't Connect to the Internet?
- Fixing Wireless Network Connection Drops
- How To Resolve "Limited Or No Connectivity" Errors In Windows
- Resolving "Duplicate Name Exists" Errors in Windows
- Ping Tools for Network Troubleshooting
- TCP/IP Administration and Troubleshooting Tools (Windows XP)
Configuring Mobile Internet Access
Increasingly,
people rely on Internet connectivity while traveling for business or
pleasure. That often entails connecting to a network owned by someone
else. The ability to establish safe and reliable connections to new
networks is essential in today's always-connected world.
Working with IP Addresses
IP
addresses are the fundamental method for computers to identify
themselves on home networks, the Internet and many other networks.
Computers, routers, games consoles and other devices connected to an
Internet Protocol network each possess their own IP address. Certain IP
addresses are commonly used on local networks.
- What Is an IP Address?
- What Is an IP Address Conflict?
- Private IP Addresses and Address Ranges
- What Is The Default IP Address of a Linksys Router?
- Multihoming
Securing Network Devices and Data
Various
technologies exist to improve the security of data being shared on
computer networks. The ability to reliably back up data across the
network is also critical to avoid loss.
- Are Wireless Networks Secure?
- Introduction to Wi-Fi Network Security
- Tips for Wireless Home Network Security
- Network Firewalls
Connect Two Home Computers for File Sharing
The simplest kind of home network contains exactly two computers.
You can use this kind of network to share files, a printer or another
peripheral device, and even an Internet connection. To connect two
computers for sharing these and other network resources, consider the
options described below.
Connecting Two Computers Directly With Cable
The traditional method to network two computers involves making a
dedicated link by plugging one cable into the two systems. Several
alternatives exist for networking two computers in this manner:
- Ethernet crossover cable
- Null modem serial cable or parallel peripheral cable
- Special-purpose USB cables
Ethernet - Of the above choices, the Ethernet method is preferred
as it supports a reliable, high-speed connection with minimal
configuration required. Additionally, Ethernet technology offers the
most general-purpose solution, allowing networks with more than two
computers to be built fairly easily later. If one of your computers
possesses an Ethernet adapter but the other has USB, an Ethernet
crossover cable can still be used by first plugging a USB-to-Ethernet converter unit into the computer's USB port.
See also: Ethernet crossover cables
Serial and parallel - This type of cabling, called Direct Cable Connection (DCC)
when using Microsoft Windows, offers lower performance but offers the
same basic functionality as Ethernet cables. You may prefer this option
if you have such cables readily available and network speed is not a
concern. Serial and parallel cables are never used to network more than
two computers.
USB - Ordinary USB cables must not be used to connect two
computers directly to each other. Attempting to do so can electrically
damage the computers! However, special USB cables designed for direct
connection exist that can be used safely. You may prefer this option
over others if your computers lack functional Ethernet network adapters.
To make dedicated connections with Ethernet, USB, serial or parallel cables requires
- each computer have a functioning network interface with an external jack for the cable, and
- the network settings on each computer appropriately configured
One phone line or power cord cannot be used to directly connect two computers to each other for networking.
Next > Connecting Two Computers through Central Device
Connecting Two Computers With Cable Through Central Infrastructure
Rather than cable two computers directly, the computers may instead be
joined indirectly through a central network fixture. This method
requires two network cables, one connecting each computer to the
fixture. Several types of fixtures exist for home networking:
Implementing this method often entails additional up-front cost to
purchase more cables and network infrastructure. However, it's a
general-purpose solution accommodating any reasonable number of devices
(e.g, ten or more). You will likely prefer this approach if you intend
to expand your network in the future.
Most cabled networks utilize Ethernet technology. Alternatively,
USB hubs can be employed, while powerline and phoneline home networks
each offer their own unique form of central infrastructure. The
traditional Ethernet solutions are generally very reliable and offer
high performance.
Connecting Two Computers Wirelessly
In recent years, wireless solutions have enjoyed increasing popularity
for home networking. As with cabled solutions, several different
wireless technologies exist to support basic two computer networks:
Wi-Fi connections can reach a greater distance than the wireless
alternatives listed above. Many newer computers, especially laptops, now
contain built-in Wi-Fi capability, making it the preferred choice in
most situations. Wi-Fi can be used either with or without a network
fixture. With two computers, Wi-Fi networking minus a fixture (also
called ad-hoc mode) is especially simple to set up.
- How To - Set Up an Ad Hoc WiFi Network
Bluetooth technology supports reasonably high-speed wireless
connections between two computers without the need for a network
fixture. Bluetooth is more commonly used when networking a computer with
a consumer handheld device like a cell phone. Most desktop and older
computers do not possess Bluetooth capability. Bluetooth works best if
both devices are in the same room in close proximity to each other.
Consider Bluetooth if you have interest in networking with handheld
devices and your computers lack Wi-Fi capability.
Infrared networking existed on laptops years before either
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth technologies became popular. Infrared connections
only work between two computers, do not require a fixture, and are
reasonably fast. Being very simple to set up and use, consider infrared
if your computers support it and you lack the desire to invest effort in
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.
If you find mention of an alternative wireless technology called HomeRF,
you can safely ignore it. HomeRF technology became obsolete several
years ago and is not a practical option for home networking.
See also > Gallery of Home Network Diagrams